Cognitive Decline
& Hearing Health

How are Hearing Loss and Cognitive Decline Connected?

Hearing loss is common as we age. However, due to the slow progression of hearing loss, it can easily be overlooked and left untreated. Untreated hearing loss can do much more than limit communication abilities with friends and family or cause the TV to be “too loud”. Perhaps the most vital concern surrounding untreated hearing loss is cognitive decline.

Research Behind the Hearing Loss-Cognitive Decline Connection

In research led by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, in conjunction with seven other institutions, Dr. Lin and others completed a landmark study exploring the effects of treated and untreated hearing loss on cognition. 

Research Findings:

The severity of untreated hearing loss strongly correlated to increased risk factors for dementia. 

The study suggested that a person with mild, untreated hearing loss will have a two-fold increase in risk factors for developing dementia. An individual with a moderate, untreated hearing loss will experience a three-fold increase in their risk factors. Lastly, if the hearing loss is severe, the risk factors will increase five-fold. 

For more information regarding this study please reference the ACHIEVE study by Dr. Lin et al published and presented in July of 2023. 

How Does Untreated Hearing Loss Contribute to Cognitive Decline?

The evidence between untreated hearing loss and dementia and/or accelerated cognitive decline is growing by the day. The reasons behind this connection are complicated and multifaceted.

It is undeniable that untreated hearing loss has a profound effect on the brain. For example, people with untreated hearing loss regularly isolate themselves. This social isolation, coupled with reduced stimulation of the auditory cortex, causes neural atrophy.

Another cause may be the overwhelming burden that untreated hearing loss places on areas of the brain that process speech. The processing of a damaged or unclear signal adds additional strain.

There are many other factors that contribute to cognitive decline but one thing is certain; untreated hearing issues have a profound effect on the brain and cognition.

Key Facts About How Hearing Loss Impacts Cognitive Functioning

Hearing loss and cognitive decline are increasingly recognized as interconnected issues, especially as research continues to reveal their complex relationship. Here are some interesting facts about the connection between untreated hearing loss and cognitive decline:

1. Increased Risk of Dementia and/or Cognitive Decline 

Studies have suggested that people with untreated hearing loss are significantly more likely to develop dementia. The risk increases with the severity of hearing loss, with severe hearing loss being associated with up to a five-fold increased risk for developing dementia.

2. Brain Structural Changes 

Hearing loss can lead to changes in brain structure, especially in areas responsible for processing sound. The brain regions associated with hearing may shrink or atrophy. This atrophy contributes to cognitive decline.

3. Cognitive Load Hypothesis

When someone has hearing loss, their brain works harder to process sound. This reduces resources available for other cognitive functions, leading to cognitive decline.

4. Social Isolation 

Hearing loss can lead to social isolation because it makes communication difficult. Social isolation is a known risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia since it reduces mental stimulation. This can then cause neural atrophy, which leads to increased risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline.  Social isolation also increases risk factors for depression.

5. Hearing Aids May Maintain Cognitive Function 

Studies suggest that using hearing aids can slow cognitive decline in older adults with hearing loss. By improving communication and reducing cognitive load, hearing aids may help maintain cognitive function. Improved communication reduces social isolation and lowers risk factors for depression.

6. Early Hearing Loss as a Predictor

Hearing loss in midlife (ages 45-65) has been identified as one of the major modifiable risk factors for dementia and/or cognitive decline later in life. Early diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss could potentially delay or prevent the onset of cognitive decline.

7. Emotional and Psychological Effects 

Hearing loss can lead to depression and anxiety, which are also risk factors for cognitive decline. The emotional toll of hearing loss, combined with reduced cognitive function, can create a vicious cycle that exacerbates both conditions.

Hearing Loss, Dementia, and Cognitive Decline Resources

The link between untreated hearing loss and cognitive decline and/or dementia are irrefutable. The evidence is piling up and there is no end in sight. If you or a loved one is having difficulty hearing, make an appointment with a local hearing healthcare provider. 

If you or a loved one is experiencing memory problems, dementia, cognitive decline, or Alzheimer’s Disease, please explore the resources provided below:

• The Alzheimer’s Association
• Join ALZConnected
• The Alzheimer’s Foundation of America
• Contact your local Office of the Aging